深水网箱和池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的比较分析

对深水网箱和池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸质量分数进行了比较分析。结果显示:1)网箱养殖对虾肌肉粗蛋白质量分数显著高于池塘养殖(P0.05),而水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分质量分数无显著差异(P0.05);2)肌肉中检测到18种常见氨基酸,网箱养殖对虾肌肉氨基酸总量(TAA)、天门冬氨酸(Asp)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、精氨酸(Arg)和脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数显著高于池塘养殖(P0.05),而必需氨基酸(EAA)、半必需氨基酸(HEAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)和虾味氨基酸(PFAA)两者无显著差异(P0.05);3)肌肉中检测到30种常见脂肪酸,两者的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(EPA和DHA)质量分数差异显著(P0.05),以网箱养殖对虾较高;两者的棕榈酸(C16∶0)质量分数最高,且网箱养殖对虾EPA+DHA质量分数是池塘养殖的1.90倍。结果表明,网箱养殖对虾营养成分要优于池塘养殖,具有较高的营养价值。     

武夷岩茶氨基酸组分及含量分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定分析大红袍、水仙、肉桂、雀舌、金毛猴和矮脚乌龙等6个品种武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸组分,结果表明:6个品种武夷岩茶均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量品种间差异显著,武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸总量为75.82~107.12 mg/g;其中含量较高的为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸。武夷岩茶的氨基酸中含有各种人体必需氨基酸,且比例均衡;必需氨基酸总量占30.47%~40.46%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的61.29%~63.90%;呈鲜味的氨基酸含量也占氨基酸总量的23.80%~28.63%,因此,武夷岩茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

Dietary fishmeal levels affect the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of farmed large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea

A comparative study on the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of wild and farmed large yellow croaker (LYC) was conducted. The two farmed LYC groups were fed with diets containing 44% (CF) and 25% (LF) of fish meal (FM) respectively. Results showed that 48 volatiles, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acids, esters, furans and miscellaneous compound, were detected in cooked fillets. The LF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes and ketones, higher content of miscellaneous compound in cooked fillets than that in the CF and wild groups (p < .05). Compared with the wild group, the LF group had significantly lower amounts of total alcohols, acids and esters, while the CF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes, higher content of total ketones in cooked muscle (p < .05). According to the principal component analysis (PCA), some volatiles (propanal, nonanal, etc.) could be considered as sensitive indicators to classify cooked muscle samples. In conclusion, differences in the volatiles in the cooked muscle between the wild and farmed LYC have been found. Low level of dietary FM (25%) changed the volatile profiles in cooked fillets of farmed LYC. A PCA may be useful to screen potential volatiles to classify cooked muscle samples in this study.     

长江口凤鲚雌雄成体营养成分分析与比较

对长江口雌性和雄性成体凤鲚(Coilia mystus)整体的营养成分和品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示,雌、雄凤鲚整体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.36%±1.41%、76.70%±1.20%,14.25%±1.05%、15.18%±0.12%,4.61%±1.78%、4.84%±0.27%和2.22%±0.38%、2.97%±0.64%,雌、雄间均不具有显著性差异(P0.05)。雌、雄均含有18种组成蛋白质的氨基酸,总量分别为66.20%±5.78%和65.93%±6.35%(质量分数,干样),其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量分别是25.07%±1.93%和23.95%±2.21%,两者间不具有显著性差异(P0.05),分别占氨基酸总量的37.90%和36.33%,雌、雄凤鲚的必需氨基酸组成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准。色氨酸是雌、雄凤鲚整体的第一限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸,雌、雄凤鲚整体的EAAI分别为70.73和66.99,4种鲜味氨基酸总量分别为25.99%±2.53%和26.02%±2.3%(质量分数,干样)。雌性凤鲚的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于雄性(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则显著高于雄性(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)两者无显著差异(P0.05)。雌性凤鲚脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为5.70%±0.24%和10.15%±1.31%,显著高于雄性凤鲚的1.05%±0.40%和1.06%±0.44%。结果表明,长江口雌、雄成体凤鲚整体的氨基酸较均衡,而雌性凤鲚的脂肪酸营养更为丰富,比雄性凤鲚具有更好的食用价值与保健作用。     

高尔夫球手地方依恋符号性元素的识别与运用

运用隐喻抽取技术对高尔夫球手地方依恋的符号性元素进行了识别与定量研究。结果表明,高尔夫球手地方依恋有22个符号性元素,这些元素可分为风格、地理、参与、接待和文化五类,它们给球手带来"友谊"、"健康"、"愉悦"、"品质高"、"风景美"的终极体验。经营者要充分利用符号性元素的意义,着重打造球场基础设施、园林景观、服务接待和球会文化;积极挖掘联结构念的耦合价值,实现球手与球场的符号互动;主动创设高尔夫球手游憩氛围情境,避免球手地方依恋的中断或转移;结合球会自身特点,适时进行符号化运作。     

重组白细胞介素-2高效纯化方法建立

依次通过离子交换法、凝胶过滤法纯化重组白细胞介素-2(IL-2)粗品,利用SDS-PAGE电泳和hIL-2 Elisa kit检测纯化后重组IL-2的纯度和浓度。结果表明,纯化后的重组IL-2纯度和浓度高。本纯化方法简单、稳定、纯化效果好,可为重组IL-2的生产工艺提供技术支持和依据。     

福建省文化产业发展影响因素及对策研究

以1999-2013年福建省文化产业发展数据为样本,利用多元回归模型对影响福建省文化产业发展的主要因素进行实证分析.结论显示,经济规模、文化产业从业人员数量以及文化产业财政支出这3个要素对福建省文化产业的发展有重要影响.针对影响因素,提出大力发展国民经济,为文化产业发展提供保障;转变政府职能,推进文化产业市场化;培养文化产业人才,提升文化产业内涵;注重消费者诉求,开拓需求市场等对策来提升福建省文化产业.     

基于合成法的定位误差的分析与计算

为保证机床夹具设计的可靠性,定位误差的计算是机床夹具设计过程中必不可少的重要环节之一。为此从定位误差的产生机理出发,介绍了定位误差的概念、产生原因,并给出计算公式,有助于快速实现定位误差的求解。     

沈阳铁西区装备制造产业聚集实证分析

铁西区通过打造装备制造业产业聚集区。形成了高档数控机床、通用石化装备等六大主导产业以及电气及新能源等五大千亿产业集群，成为我国老工业基地振兴的区域典范。介绍铁西装备制造业聚集区发展现状，采用区位熵法测算沈阳装备制造业的产业集中度，对全市装备制造业的现状及问题进行分析，得出相应结论。     

Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding in integrated crop-livestock systems: Effects of grazing management and crop rotation strategies

We evaluated the re-establishment of an Italian ryegrass pasture by self-seeding on a no-till integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) in the southern region of Brazil. This work is part of a long-term experimental protocol initiated in 2003. We tested the effects of various management practices, such as summer crop systems (soybean vs. maize–soybean rotation), stocking methods (continuous vs. rotational) and grazing intensities (low vs. moderate), on Italian ryegrass pasture establishment. In addition, we tested resilience of the system by testing pasture's ability to re-establish following a year without seed head production. The experiment consisted in the rotation, on the same area, of Italian ryegrass pasture grazed by sheep during the winter and up to the end of the grass production cycle, and soybean or soybean-maize grain crops rotation cultivated during the summer. The pasture established itself by self-seeding since 2005. Data were collected in 2011 and 2012 stocking season. The soybean summer crop, continuous stocking and low grazing intensity, all positively affected the production of reproductive tillers in 2011. Grazing intensity in 2011 strongly influenced early vegetative tiller densities (before crop harvest) in 2012. However, none of the grazing intensity or the stocking method treatments affected herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment in 2011 or 2012. On the other hand, the soybean summer crop positively affected pasture establishment, both in term of tiller densities and herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment. The removal of all seed heads in 2011 (preventing seed production) resulted in the total failure of pasture establishment in 2012. Overall, Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding relies on the annual replacement of the soil seed bank. This experiment demonstrated that under various stocking methods, moderate grazing intensity and maize or soybean summer crop, Italian ryegrass pasture establishment by self-seeding remains successful even when the stocking periods extended up to the end of the grass production cycle. Self-seeding with moderate grazing intensity ensures successful pasture establishment, reduces labour and costs and allows to increase the stocking period and so animal live weight gain over the grazing season.